• Should be a cylindrical tank with an adjustable diffuser that demonstrates flow through different orifices for different flow rates
• Should allow students to measure: Decrease in flow, Contraction of the stream and Energy loss
• Should have facility to use the apparatus to study different shapes of orifice
• Should have a transparent cylindrical tank, with a mounting in the base for different orifices
• The apparatus should be supplied with a sharp-edged orifice already mounted
• The flow rate and an overflow pipe should set the water level
• Water should leave the tank through the orifice
• A Pitot assembly should hold a sharp blade and a Pitot tube which students can position anywhere in the jet
• The blade should accurately measure the jet diameter
• Manometers should connect to the Pitot tube and a tapping in the base of the cylindrical tank to measure the total head on the orifice and in the jet

Experimental Capabilities:

• Investigations into a variety of orifices over a range of flow rates, including:
• Determination of contraction and velocity coefficients
• Calculation of discharge coefficient
• Determination of actual discharge coefficient and comparison with calculated values
• Determination of the various coefficients over a range of flow rates to demonstrate the influence of Reynolds number
• Study of the characteristics of different orifices

Technical Specifications:

• Sharp-edged Orifice : 13 mm diameter
• Circular orifice dimensions:
  • Length 13 mm, with 60° contraction and 60° diverging section
  • Length 13 mm, with 29 mm diameter bell-mouth approach to 60° diverging section
  • Length 60 mm, with 29 mm diameter bell-mouth approach to 51 mm long parallel section
  • Length 60 mm, with 29 mm diameter bell-mouth approach, to 30° diverging section and 25 mm long parallel section
• Triangular orifice dimensions:
  • Each side nominally 12.1 mm, including 1.5 mm corner radius
• Square orifice dimensions : 9 mm square
• Orifice material : Aluminium
• Printed operation manual should be supplied
• Hydraulics Data Management System Software :
  • Simple software tool for manual data entry and recording of data for hydraulics experiments
  • Intuitive and easy-to-use, with clear, customisable display and layout options
  • Automatic calculation, charting and data export for efficient use of students and lecturers time
  • Recording data manually
  • Display of data in digital form or as an analogue meter
  • Logging of data for printing and later analysis
  • Export of data to Excel
  • Perform calculations of recorded data
  • Create charts with live updates as data is entered