1. Turbine Specifications

• Impeller Diameter: 100–130 mm

• Number of Blades: 16–20

• Turbine Diameter: 100 mm

• Power Output: 0.75–1 kW

• Maximum Flow Rate: 10 m³/h

• Jet Diameter: 10 mm

• Maximum Head: 50–80 m

• Efficiency: ≥ 90%

• Axis Orientation: Horizontal/Vertical

• Number of Nozzles: 2

• Nominal Speed: 1,900 r.p.m.

2. Structural and Operational Features

• Transparent Front: Allows visualization of the impeller in operation for educational purposes.

• Water Simulation System:

  • Water Tank: Simulates a reservoir

  • Water Pump: Simulates waterfall up to 80 m

  • Piping: 2-inch PVC pipes for water delivery

• Control Mechanisms:

  • Servo-driven injectors with two servomotors

  • Sensors to measure flow, pressure, speed, and torque

3. Performance Analysis

• Visualization and measurement of:

  • Torque vs. injector opening

  • Mechanical power output

  • Water flow required for power generation

• Optimization: Analyzes impact of injector pressure asymmetry and varying water head on turbine performance

4. Electrical Components

• Power Generation: Supports DC and AC operation

• Load Types: Resistive and capacitive loads

• Control and Regulation Unit: Analog instruments (voltmeters, wattmeters, varimeters)

• Battery: 12V 12Ah for energy storage

• Inverter: Sinusoidal, 200 VA output

• Advanced Controller: Governs injector position based on generated power; protection against over-frequency, over-voltage, over-current, reverse power

• Network Analyzer: Measures and visualizes electrical parameters injected into the grid

5. SCADA System

• Collects all electrical and mechanical parameters

• Facilitates analysis of turbine and hydroelectric plant operation

6. Purpose

• Enables efficient energy conversion from hydraulic power

• Ensures high performance and reliability under various operational conditions