Fundamentals of Automatic Control Technology

Continuous Automatic Control -CAC Discontinuous Automatic Control -DAC

Applications

Temperature control -TEM

FUNDAMENTALS OF AUTOMATIC CONTROL

TECHNOLOGY Continuous Automatic Control - CAC

Discontinuous Automatic Control - DAC

The system must be composed of the following modules:

1. DC POWER SUPPLY Technical features:

• Output voltages: +15 V / 0 V / - 15 V

• Output current: 2.4 A (3 A for a short time)

• Power supply: Single-phase from mains

• Complete with two LEDs and a mains switch with pilot lamp

2. VOLTAGE REFERENCE GENERATOR

Technical features:

• Output voltage: 0...+10 V or -10 V ...+10 V

• Power supply: +15 V / 0 V / - 15 V

3. PID CONTROLLER

Technical features:

• Power supply: -15 V/0 V/+15 V

• Input summing point for two different reference variables

• UR and UC and one controlled variable UA.

• Signal voltage range: -10 V . . . + 10 V

• Controller continuously adjustable parameters: proportional gain Kp = 0 . . . 1000 integral action time TI = 1 ms . . . 100 s differential action time TD = 0.2 ms . . . 20 s.

• Separate input for integral element reset.

• Output summing point for adding or subtracting disturbance variables

4. SUMMING POINT – 5 INPUTS

Technical features:

• Power supply: +15 V ; 0 V ; -15 V

• Signal voltage range: -10V, ..., +10V

• Gain factor = 1

5. SIMULATED CONTROLLED SYSTEM

Technical features:

• Power supply: +15 V ; 0 V ; -15 V

• Input summing point for controlling variable (y) and noise variable (z).

• Signal voltage range: -10V, ..., +10V

• Coefficient of the proportional action of the process KP = 0.2 (attenuation) 1.5 (amplification)

• Time constant T1 = 0.1 1000 s

• Time constant T2 = 0.1 1000 s

6. MANUAL/AUTOMATIC SWITCH

Technical features:

• Power supply: +15 V ; 0 V ; -15 V

• Signal voltage range: -10V, ..., +10V

7. TWO POSITION CONTROLLER

Technical features:

• Power supply: +15 V ; 0 V ; -15 V

• Input summing point

• Signal voltage range: -10V, ..., +10V

• Output voltages: 0/+5 V ; 0/+10 V

• Adjustable hysteresis: 0.. ± 2.5 V

8. POWER AMPLIFIER

Technical features:

• Power supply: +15 V ; 0 V ; -15 V

• Signal voltage range: -10V,, +10V

• Output voltage:

• -10 V ....+10 V to ground

• 0.... ±20 V symmetrically

• Max. output power: 30 W,

9. TEMPERATURE CONTROL SYSTEM

Technical features:

• Power supply: +15 V ; 0 V ; -15 V

• Max. temperature: 100 °C Temperature for the intervention of the bimetallic safety switch:90 100°C

• Feedback signal:2 mA / 10 °C Item No. Name of Item Technical Specification and Standards 1 V / 10 °C

• Apparent dead time TU: about 10 s

• Compensation time TG: about 120 s

10. SINGLE POLE SWITCH

This item shall consist in a plug-in element, normally open, with switch load 2 A, 250 V. It shall be contained in a plastic box and with a switch.

11. SINGLE POLE PUSHBUTTON

This item shall consist in a plug-in element, normally open, with switch load 2 A, 250 V. It shall be contained in a plastic box and with a push-button.

12. P CONTROLLER

Technical features :

• Power supply: +15 V ; 0 V ; -15 V

• Signal voltage range: -10V, ., +10V

• Proportional gain Kp = 0 100

13. INTEGRAL-ACTION ELEMENT

Technical features:

• Power supply: +15 V ; 0 V ; -15 V

• Signal voltage range: -10V,, +10V

• Coefficient of the integral action KI = 0.1 .... 100 s -1

14. DERIVATIVE-ACTION ELEMENT

Technical features

• Power supply: +15 V ; 0 V ; -15 V

• Signal voltage range: -10V, ..., +10V

• Coefficient of the derivative action KD = 2 ms 2 s

15. SUMMING POINT – 2 INPUTS

Technical features

• Power supply: +15 V ; 0 V ; -15 V

• Signal voltage range: -10V,, +10V

• Gain factor = 1

16. DEAD TIME ELEMENT

Technical features:

• Power supply: +15 V ; 0 V ; -15 V

• Signal voltage range: -10V,, +10V

• Proportional coefficient of the module KS = 1

• Dead time Tt = 10 ms .... 100 ms / 100 ms 1 s

17. SECOND ORDER TRANSFER ELEMENT

Technical features:

• Power supply: +15 V ; 0 V ; -15 V

• Signal voltage range: -10V, ..., +10V

• Gain factor = 1

• Time constant T = 10 ms . 30 s, selectable through two rotary switches.

• Damping coefficient d = 0..3, with potentiometer setting

18. SAMPLE AND HOLD ELEMENT

Technical features:

• Power supply: +15 V ; 0 V ; -15 V

• Signal voltage range: -10 V, , +10 V

• Sampling frequency: 0,2. 20 Hz

19. TEST FUNCTION GENERATOR

Technical features:

• Power supply: +15 V ; 0 V ; -15 V

• Output wave forms:

• Dirac pulse function: 0..+10 VP

• Triangular wave function: 0 .... 20 VPP balanced with respect to ground

• Square wave function: 0 .... 20 VPP with "high signal/period" ratio = 1/2

• Square wave function: 0 .... +10 VP with "high signal/period" ratio = 9/10

• Frequency of the output signal: 0.02 10 Hz

• Signal Ioff for resetting the integral controllers

20. GAIN AND OFFSET ADJUST

Technical features:

• Power supply: +15 V ; 0 V ; -15 V

• Voltage interval of the input signal: -50 V, , +50 V

• Adjustable level through the setting of the gain: 0 1, 0 .... 10, 0 .... 100

• Attenuation of the pulse signals.

• Time constants: 0,1 .... 10 ms ; 10100 ms

• Offset voltages that can be connected: -10 V +10 V

• Coarse setting through rotary switches. Potentiometer fine setting.

21. SOFTWARE

This software shall have a multiple control window:

• Input/ Output Control window Signal Generator window (continuous, square wave, ramp, triangular, sinusoidal, pulse)

• 3 trace Oscilloscope window with continuous, single and trigger control operation

• 4 channel Chart Recorder window

• Window with the diagram of the system under evaluation with I/O controls for setting and visualizing the signals.

22. COMPUTER INTERFACE

• Data acquisition unit with 8 analogue channels. Equipped with 2 relays and 2 analogue outputs. It must be possible to acquire continuous signals or slowly variable up to 100Hz.

• Description: robust metal construction, USB interface for maximum PC compatibility Clear interface for easy connection understanding Technical Features Direct power supply from USB, total consumption less than 120mA. Nr. 2 relay outputs. Nr. 2 analogue outputs, with: 12 bit D/A converter Output levels: - 10/+10 V Nr. 8 analogue inputs, with: Input levels: -10/+10 V High impedance input amplifier: > 1MOhm 12 bit A/D converter zero auto tuning Max sample rate: 10 kHz Driver for Windows 2000, XP, Vista, 7 The unit must be supplied with a manual in English language.

23. Connecting Leads

• Set of leads for connecting the terminals of the modules

24. Three-level Frame

• Metal frame for assembling the modules of the laboratory.

Standard Accessories:

The equipment / instrument which are required to carry out the required experiment should come under standard accessories. The following accessories should be supplied along with this equipment: o Storage case/box