• Should allow students to measure: Decrease in flow, Contraction of the stream and Energy loss
• Should have facility to use the apparatus to study different shapes of orifice
• Should have a transparent cylindrical tank, with a mounting in the base for different orifices
• The apparatus should be supplied with a sharp-edged orifice already mounted
• The flow rate and an overflow pipe should set the water level
• Water should leave the tank through the orifice
• A Pitot assembly should hold a sharp blade and a Pitot tube which students can position anywhere in the jet
• The blade should accurately measure the jet diameter
• Manometers should connect to the Pitot tube and a tapping in the base of the cylindrical tank to measure the total head on the orifice and in the jet

Technical Specifications:

• Investigations into a variety of orifices over a range of flow rates, including:
• Determination of contraction and velocity coefficients
• Calculation of discharge coefficient
• Determination of actual discharge coefficient and comparison with calculated values
• Determination of the various coefficients over a range of flow rates to demonstrate the influence of Reynolds number Study of the characteristics of different orifices
• Sharp-edged Orifice: 13 mm diameter

Circular orifice dimensions:

• Length 13 mm, with 60° contraction and 60° diverging section
• Length 13 mm, with 29 mm diameter bell-mouth approach to 60° diverging section
• Length 60 mm, with 29 mm diameter bell-mouth approach to 51 mm long parallel section
• Length 60 mm, with 29 mm diameter bell-mouth approach, to 30° diverging section and 25 mm long parallel section
• Triangular orifice dimensions: Each side nominally 12.1 mm, including 1.5 mm corner radius
• Square orifice dimensions: 9 mm square
• Orifice material: Aluminium
• Printed operation manual should be supplied