Key Features:

• Direct measurement of total head, head loss and diameter of a vertical water jet 
• Integral Pitot traverse with blade to measure head in the jet and diameter of jet
• Includes a sharp-edged circular, triangular and square orifices. Also converging/diverging, angled entrance and exit, curved entrance (parallel throat) nozzles 
• Works with Digital Hydraulic Bench for easy installation
• Works with optional, free Hydraulics Data Management System Software (HDMS)

Key Specifications:

• Includes 13 mm diameter sharp-edged orifice
• Integral Pitot traverse
• Study of the characteristics of different orifices

Learning Outcomes
 Investigations into a variety of orifices over a range of flow rates, including:

•  Determination of contraction and velocity coefficients
•  Calculation of discharge coefficient
•  Determination of actual discharge coefficient, and comparison with calculated values
•  Determination of the various coefficients over a range of flow rates to demonstrate the  in fluence of Reynolds number
•  Study of the characteristics of different orifices, using a set of four circular orifices (nozzles). Each has the same minimum throat diameter but a different length. Each has adifferent approach and discharge section. Also included are additional square and triangular orifices.

Description:
The Flow through an Orifice apparatus allows students to measure:

• Decrease in flow
• Contraction of the stream
• Energy loss

They find these measurements as water leaves an orifice. Students can also use the apparatus to study different shapes of orifice. The apparatus works with Digital Hydraulic Bench (available separately) and stands on the hydraulic bench worktop. The equipment has a transparent cylindrical tank, with a mounting in the base for different orifices. supplies the apparatus with a sharp-edged orifice already mounted.Water flows from the hydraulic bench and into the cylindrical tank through an adjustable diffuser.

The flow rate and an overflow pipe set the water level. To change the level in the tank (and so the head on the orifice), students adjust the flow to the diffuser. Water leaves the tank through the orifice. The jet that leaves the orifice discharges back into the hydraulic bench.A Pitot assembly holds a sharp blade and a Pitot tube which students can position anywhere in the jet. The blade accurately measures the jet diameter, to allow students to find the contraction coefficient. Manometers connect to the Pitot tube and a tapping in the base of the cylindrical tank to measure the total head on the orifice and in the jet.If required students can download Hydraulics Data Management System (HDMS) software onto a suitable computer (not supplied) to aid with entering, evaluating and presenting their data.
Standard Features

• Supplied with a comprehensive user guide
• Five-year warranty
• Manufactured in accordance with the latest European Union directives
• ISO9001 certified manufacturer 
• Set of six orifices: Four circular orifices (nozzles), each  with the same minimum throat diameter but with different length. Each has different  approach and discharge section. Additional square and triangular orifice.

Typical Work Assignment
Head and Flow Relationships
This experiment tests the relationship between head of water above the orifice and flow. The results produce charts of head and flow. They also produce the coefficient of discharge for the orifice over a range of flow.
Detailed Specifications
 Is committed to a programme of continuous improvement; hence we reserve the right to alter the design and product specification without prior notice. 
Nett dimensions and weight: 
 670 mm high x 400 mm x 350 mm and 12.5 kg
Approximate packed dimensions and weight: 
 0.18 m3 and 15 kg
Sharp-edged Orifice:
 13 mm diameter
Circular orifice dimensions:

• Length 13 mm, with 60° contraction and 60° diverging section
• Length 13 mm, with 29 mm diameter bell-mouth approach to 60° diverging section 
• Length 60 mm, with 29 mm diameter bell-mouth approach to 51 mm long parallel section
• Length 60 mm, with 29 mm diameter bell-mouth approach, to 30° diverging section and  25 mm long parallel section

Triangular orificed imensions :
 Each side nominally 12.1 mm, including 1.5 mm corner radius
Square orificed imensions : 
 9 mm square
Orifice material : 
 Aluminium
Operating Conditions
 Operating environment:
 Laboratory
Storage temperature range:
 –25°C to +55°C (when packed for transport)
Operating temperature range:
 +5°C to +40°C
Operating relative humidity range:
 80% at temperatures < 31°C decreasing linearly to 50% at 40°C